Direct therapy sessions refer to structured and goal-driven interactions between a trained therapist (e.g., a behavior analyst) and a child with autism. These sessions aim to enhance developmental, behavioral, and communication skills using evidence-based practices. They vary in length and content depending on the child’s Individualized Intervention Plan (IIP).
Main Objectives:
- Enhancing communication skills: Using verbal language or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).
- Improving social skills: Such as eye contact, social initiation, and role-playing.
- Developing cognitive and academic abilities: Including matching, counting, reading, and writing.
- Reducing maladaptive behaviors: Like tantrums or social withdrawal.
- Promoting independence: In daily living skills such as dressing, eating, and hygiene.
Key Techniques Used:
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):
A core framework involving reinforcement, structured repetition, and systematic fading of prompts. - Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI):
Targeted at children under six, often involving 20–40 hours of therapy weekly. - Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs):
Blending ABA principles with developmental strategies in natural contexts, such as in the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM). - Task Analysis:
Breaking down complex skills into smaller teachable steps. - Modeling and Prompting:
Teaching through demonstration and verbal/physical assistance.
Session Activity Examples:
Picture or object naming drills.
Following simple instructions.
Turn-taking games and joint attention activities.
Fine motor practice with manipulatives.
Social stories to teach emotions and social rules.
Key References:
Schreibman, L. et al. (2015). Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Smith, T. (2010). Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention in Autism. Behavior Modification.
National Research Council (2001). Educating Children with Autism. National Academies Press.
Leaf, R. & McEachin, J. (1999). A Work in Progress: Behavior Management Strategies